Navigating Troubled Waters: How Water Shortages and the Red Sea War are Choking Global Trade in 2024
The year 2024 opened not with a bang, but with a whimper in the global trade realm. While visions of economic recovery danced in our heads, harsh realities lurked beneath the surface, threatening to capsize the fragile vessel of global supply chains. Two major chokepoints emerged, not as dramatic temporary blockages like the Ever Given (2021), but as insidious, long-term threats: water shortages in the Panama Canal and the escalating war in the Red Sea impacting the Suez Canal.
Panama’s Parched Path:
Panama, the vital shortcut connecting the Atlantic and Pacific, faces a foe not of steel and wind, but of dwindling rain. El Niño’s capricious hand has brought below-average rainfall to the region, pushing water levels in the canal to precariously low levels. As of October 2024, Gatun Lake, the canal’s primary water source, sits at a mere 80% of its capacity, forcing authorities to implement draft restrictions. These restrictions limit the size and cargo of ships that can navigate the canal, creating bottlenecks and delays.
30 January 2024- Diego Pantjoa-Navajas, vice president of Amazon Web Services Supply Chain, told FOX Business that the two situations in the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal are “dramatically impacting supply chains,” concurrently, hindering trade between Asia and Europe and between North America and Asia.
The consequences are far-reaching. Coffee from South America, electronics from Asia, and even furniture from Europe all face longer journeys and higher shipping costs. For consumers, this translates to empty shelves and rising prices. The International Monetary Fund estimates that the water shortage could shave off 0.5% from global GDP growth in 2024, a sobering reminder of Panama’s outsized role in the global trade tapestry.
Red Sea’s Roiling Conflict:
Meanwhile, in the Red Sea, the drums of war are beating a menacing rhythm. The war in Gaza and Israel has resulted in tragic loss of life. In addition, Houthis Yemen have attacked shipping in the Red Sea attempting to access Suez Canal in support of the Palestinians in Gaza. This has led to USA and UK to attack Houthis positions in Yemen claiming they are protecting key shipping route.
Automakers Tesla and Geely-owned Volvo Car said 12 January they were suspending some production in Europe due to a shortage of components, the first clear sign that attacks on shipping in the Red Sea are hitting manufacturers in the region.
The ongoing conflict has spilled over into this crucial shipping lane, raising insurance costs and deterring many vessels from venturing through. The alternative route around Africa adds days and cost to shipping goods which has to be paid with reduced profits of businesses or increased costs to consumers.
The impact is undeniable. Shipping giants like Maersk and CMA CGM have rerouted their vessels around Africa, adding weeks to delivery times and further straining already stretched supply chains. The cost of transporting goods through the Suez Canal has skyrocketed, pushing up the price of everything from oil and gas to clothing and consumer electronics.
A Perfect Storm of Uncertainty:
These two seemingly disparate issues—water scarcity in Panama and war in the Red Sea—have converged to create a perfect storm of uncertainty for global trade. Businesses are scrambling to adapt, exploring alternative routes, diversifying their suppliers, and implementing risk mitigation strategies. Consumers, meanwhile, are bracing for a prolonged period of higher prices and product shortages.
The long-term implications remain murky. Will Panama’s water woes persist, or will El Niño relent and bring life-giving rain? Will the Red Sea conflict escalate further, or will diplomacy prevail and restore stability to the region? Only time will tell.
One thing is certain, however: the events of 2024 have exposed the fragility of our interconnected world. It is a stark reminder that global trade is a delicate ecosystem, and even seemingly minor disruptions can have far-reaching consequences.
The Road Ahead:
The challenges we face are complex, but not insurmountable. Governments, businesses, and individuals must work together to build a more resilient and sustainable global trade system. This means:
- Investing in alternative infrastructure: Diversifying shipping routes, developing inland waterways, and exploring alternative modes of transportation are crucial to lessen dependence on chokepoints like the Suez and Panama Canals.
- Embracing innovation: Technological solutions like blockchain and artificial intelligence can help optimise supply chains, improve transparency, and mitigate risks.
- Promoting international cooperation: Diplomacy and dialogue are essential to resolving conflicts and ensuring the free flow of goods across borders.
- Building consumer resilience: Encouraging responsible consumption habits and supporting local businesses can help communities weather disruptions and build self-reliance.
The path ahead is fraught with challenges, but by working together, we can navigate these troubled waters and build a more resilient and prosperous future for all.
A Future in the Balance:
The fate of global trade in 2024, and beyond, hangs in the balance. Whether the currents of Panama’s water levels rise or fall, and whether the flames of war in the Red Sea flicker out or grow into an inferno, one thing is certain: the world is watching. This is not just an economic story; it’s a human story. Livelihoods depend on the smooth flow of goods, families rely on affordable essentials, and communities thrive on interconnectedness.
We stand at a crossroads, where the choices we make will determine the shape of our future. Do we build walls of protectionism, or bridges of cooperation? Do we prioritise short-term gain over long-term sustainability? Do we succumb to fear and uncertainty, or do we rise to the challenge with innovation and ingenuity?
The answer lies not just in boardrooms and government chambers, but in the hands of each individual. From the choices we make as consumers to the voices we raise as citizens, we all have a role to play in shaping the future of global trade. Let us choose wisely, let us act with courage, and let us navigate these troubled waters together, towards a future where prosperity flows freely and the tide lifts all boats.
Get help to protect and grow your business
Subscribe for free business risk alerts and risk reviews
Read more business risk management articles