The Property (Digital Assets etc.) Act 2025 is a UK legal game-changer, formally recognising Bitcoin and stablecoins as property. This clarity opens major growth avenues but introduces new regulatory and financial reporting risks. Learn the seven critical risk management steps UK business leaders must adopt now to protect and grow their digital assets.
Property (Digital Assets etc.) Act 2025 is a major development for the UK’s financial and technology sectors.
The Act legally recognises digital assets (like Bitcoin and stablecoins) as a distinct form of personal property, separate from the traditional categories of “things in possession” (physical objects) or “things in action” (contractual rights).
Why the Act is Important to UK Businesses
The primary importance of this Act to UK businesses is the provision of legal certainty and clarity in a rapidly evolving area. This has several key implications:
Strengthened Ownership Rights: For businesses holding or trading cryptoassets, this statutory recognition means their ownership rights are now on a firmer legal footing.They have clearer legal pathways to prove ownership, recover stolen assets (through processes like freezing orders), and enforce their property rights in court.
Insolvency: Digital assets can now be clearly included in a company’s estate and claimed by creditors if a business goes into insolvency.This makes the administration process smoother.
Collateral and Lending: The clearer property status makes it easier to use digital assets as security or collateral for loans, potentially unlocking new funding avenues for businesses.
Integration with Traditional Law: It allows digital assets to be seamlessly integrated into existing legal processes, such as estate planning, trust structures, and cross-border litigation, saving time and reducing legal costs previously spent debating the assets’ fundamental legal status.
6 Business Risk Management Tips for UK Leaders
UK business leaders, especially those newly engaging with crypto assets or looking to expand their existing digital asset operations, should adopt a rigorous risk management strategy.
1. Establish a Comprehensive Regulatory Compliance Framework
Action: Conduct a thorough Regulatory Gap Analysis to map your current and planned crypto activities against the evolving UK regulatory perimeter (e.g., the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) rules under the Financial Services and Markets Act (FSMA)).
Risk Mitigation: This addresses the risk of non-compliance (leading to fines, operating restrictions, or loss of license).Ensure robust Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorist Financing (CTF) controls, including registration with the FCA if required for custody or exchange services.
2. Implement Superior Cyber Security and Custody Solutions
Action: Treat the security of crypto private keys with the highest level of care. Adopt institutional-grade multi-signature (multi-sig) wallets, use third-party regulated custodians, and maintain strict key management policies with geographic and personnel separation.
Risk Mitigation: This directly combats the high risk of theft and operational loss (e.g., due to hacking, phishing, or human error) which is irreversible on the blockchain.
3. Define Clear Governance and Risk Appetite
Action: Form a dedicated Digital Assets/Treasury Committee to define clear exposure limits, maximum permissible volatility, and use-case scenarios for digital asset holdings. Establish clear protocols for asset acquisition, trading, and disposal.
Risk Mitigation: This manages market risk (volatility) and governance risk. It ensures all digital asset activities align with the company’s overall risk appetite and are subject to transparent internal controls and audit.
4. Strengthen Consumer Protection and Transparency
Action: If your business serves UK retail consumers, adopt measures that align with the FCA’s Consumer Duty.Ensure marketing materials and disclosures are clear, fair, and not misleading, with prominent risk warnings about the volatile and unprotected nature of crypto investments.
Risk Mitigation: This shields the business from reputational and conduct risk by mitigating consumer detriment. New regulations will likely impose similar conduct-of-business rules as apply to traditional financial firms.
5. Review and Update Financial Reporting and Tax Procedures
Action: Engage with specialist crypto accounting and tax advisors now. Develop systems to accurately track the cost basis, valuation, and capital gains/losses on digital assets in compliance with HMRC and accounting standards (e.g., IFRS or UK GAAP).
Risk Mitigation: This addresses tax and audit risk. The unique nature of crypto transactions (e.g., staking rewards, DeFi yields, token swaps) requires specialised expertise to ensure accurate financial statements and prevent regulatory penalties.
6. Establish Comprehensive Legal Documentation and Insurance
Action: Ensure all contracts, terms and conditions, and smart contracts clearly define the legal ownership, governing law (UK law), and jurisdiction for dispute resolution, leveraging the certainty provided by the new Act. Simultaneously, explore new-generation crypto insurance products for crime, custody, and potential smart contract failures.
Risk Mitigation: This reduces legal risk by leveraging the new property status for enforceable contracts and manages financial loss risk by transferring certain unforeseen risks to an insurer.
7. Develop and Test Business Continuity Planning (BCP)
Action: Incorporate potential digital asset failure scenarios into your existing BCP and disaster recovery plans. This includes protocols for managing a custodian failure, a major blockchain halt/fork, or a significant regulatory change that restricts operations (e.g., sanctioning specific tokens or chains).
Risk Mitigation: This manages systemic and operational resilience risk. Given the global, decentralised, and 24/7 nature of crypto, traditional BCP procedures may be insufficient.
This analysis critiques the UK’s reliance on OBR fiscal forecasts, arguing that it creates unaccountable economic policy and business uncertainty. We explore the risks of governing by five-year predictions and propose alternative models for a more stable and democratically accountable fiscal framework, empowering UK citizens and businesses to set their own destiny.
OBR Forecasts and Fiscal Rules: A Flawed System for UK Economic Policy?
The Problem with Forecasting Dependency in UK Fiscal Policy
The UK’s fiscal framework operates on a paradoxical foundation. We base binding five-year fiscal rules on Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) forecasts that struggle to accurately predict economic outcomes just twelve months ahead. This creates a system where unaccountable economic policy dictates business conditions and living standards through increasingly speculative longer-term projections.
The core issue isn’t the OBR’s technical competence—it’s the structural flaw of building rigid fiscal rules on inevitably imperfect predictions. When even the OBR acknowledges its central forecasts have “virtually no chance of being correct,” constructing national economic strategy around these numbers represents a fundamental governance failure that undermines both democratic accountability and economic stability.
How OBR Forecasting Creates Business Uncertainty
The Volatility of Forecast-Led Policy Making
Businesses face constant uncertainty from a system that reacts to forecast revisions rather than economic fundamentals. The bi-annual budget cycle creates policy instability as taxes and spending adjustments are made to hit moving targets based on numbers that will likely be revised in the next forecast.
The Accountability Deficit in Economic Governance
When policies are presented as necessary responses to OBR forecasts, elected politicians gain convenient insulation from difficult decisions. This democratic deficit means voters cannot properly hold decision-makers accountable for tax and spending choices that fundamentally shape their economic lives.
A Better Framework for UK Fiscal Responsibility
Moving Beyond Point Forecasts to Scenario Planning
A more robust approach would replace dependency on single-point forecasts with mandatory scenario analysis. Government fiscal plans should demonstrate resilience across multiple plausible economic pathways—including downside risks and upside potential—rather than optimising for one central scenario that will almost certainly prove wrong.
Reforming the Budget Process for Economic Stability
Eliminating the two-main-fiscal-events-per-year cycle would reduce policy volatility and discourage short-term manipulation of forecasts. A single annual budget would force longer-term thinking and create a more predictable environment for business investment and household planning.
Taking Control of Britain’s Economic Destiny
Addressing Root Causes Rather Than Symptoms
The current approach to cost-of-living pressures focuses primarily on income-based solutions through benefits and tax adjustments. A more sustainable strategy would tackle structural inflation drivers through supply-side reforms in housing, energy, and regulation that directly lower costs rather than merely redistributing them.
Restoring Democratic Accountability to Economic Policy
Ultimately, the solution lies in re-establishing clear lines of political responsibility for economic outcomes. By focusing on policy levers within direct government control—rather than forecast technicalities—we can create a system where voters can clearly judge their representatives on tangible economic results.
Business Risk Analysis: The Perils of OBR-Led Fiscal Policy
This critique highlights a fundamental risk for businesses and consumers in the UK: the subordination of long-term fiscal policy to specific, short-term economic forecasts produced by a non-elected body, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR). From a risk management perspective, this creates a system plagued by volatility, a lack of accountability, and strategic misalignment.
Core Risk Assessment
The current framework introduces several critical risks to the business environment:
Forecast Reliance Risk: Basing binding fiscal rules on precise 5-year forecasts is to build a strategy on inherently unstable ground. The OBR itself is transparent about the immense uncertainty in its projections. For instance, its own fan charts show that a forecast for borrowing in 2028-29 has a near-zero probability of being correct. For a business, this is akin to making a 5-year investment decision based entirely on a single, highly speculative market prediction. The risk is that government policy—and therefore the business environment—is constantly adjusting to what are essentially “best guesses.”
Political Accountability Risk: The “accountability gap.” When fiscal policy is presented as a necessary response to the OBR’s forecast, elected politicians can abdicate responsibility for tough choices. They can claim their hands are tied by the numbers, effectively shielding themselves from direct voter accountability for tax and spending decisions. This undermines democratic oversight and makes it difficult for the electorate to “hold politicians to account,” as you state.
Policy Volatility Risk: The bi-annual forecast cycle (Spring Statement, Autumn Budget) creates a “stop-start” policy environment. Businesses face the risk of sudden tax changes or spending announcements designed to manipulate a specific forecast metric for the next 5-year window. This prevents the long-term stability and predictability that businesses need to invest, hire, and grow with confidence.
A Better Way: A More Resilient and Accountable Framework
A superior risk management approach would shift the system away from its dependence on precise forecasts and toward a more transparent, stable, and outcome-oriented model. Here are the key components of a better way:
1. Shift from Point Forecasts to Scenario Planning
Instead of tethering fiscal rules to a single, inevitably incorrect number, the government should be required to present its fiscal plans against a range of plausible economic scenarios. This would include:
A downside scenario (e.g., recession, higher inflation).
A central scenario (the current forecast).
An upside scenario (stronger growth, lower borrowing costs).
Policies would then be designed to be resilient across these ranges. This forces a conversation about contingency plans and buffers, much like a prudent business would do, rather than betting the entire national strategy on one outcome.
2. Reform the Budgetary Process for Stability
A significant step would be to move to a single, comprehensive annual budget. This would end the disruptive cycle of two major fiscal events per year and discourage the short-term tinkering designed to “game” the OBR’s forecasts. This change has been recommended by bodies like the Institute for Government and would provide a more stable platform for business planning.
3. Focus on Controlling the Cost of Living, Not Just Incomes
Currently, the government’s primary tool for managing the cost of living is “income-based”—using benefits, tax credits, and subsidies to top up household incomes. This often leads to higher government spending and debt.
A more sustainable, “cost-based” approach would empower people to “set our own destiny” by tackling the root causes of high prices through supply-side reforms. This includes:
Housing: Radical reform of the planning system to significantly increase the supply of housing, which would directly lower the single biggest cost for most households.
Energy: Streamlining regulations to encourage investment in diverse and secure energy sources.
Childcare and Social Care: Reforming regulations to increase supply and competition in these sectors.
The success of these policies is measurable in tangible outcomes—more houses built, lower energy bills, more affordable childcare—that voters can clearly see and for which they can hold their elected representatives directly responsible.
Conclusion
The current over-reliance on OBR forecasts creates a brittle and unaccountable fiscal policy framework. It transfers significant business risk from the government’s balance sheet to the private sector in the form of volatility and uncertainty.
A better path involves embracing uncertainty through scenario-based planning, stabilising the policy cycle, and shifting political focus to supply-side reforms that directly lower the cost of living. This would create a more resilient economy, a more predictable business environment, and a system where voters can truly judge their politicians on the tangible outcomes they deliver, restoring a direct line of democratic accountability.
The OBR Problem: How Flawed Forecasts Dictate UK Cost of Living and Business Risk
We’ve been here many times before and unless something changes we will be here again – different catastrophe same old story.
Grenfell Fire: A Tragic Reminder of Systemic Risk Management Failure and the Long Road to Accountability
The Grenfell Tower fire, a catastrophic event that claimed 72 lives on June 14, 2017, stands as a stark reminder of the potential for systemic risk management failures to result in devastating consequences. The fire’s aftermath has triggered extensive inquiries, public outrage, and a series of promises to ensure accountability and prevent similar disasters. Yet, as of September 2024, over seven years since the tragedy, the path to true accountability remains elusive. The recently released public inquiry report only underscores how risk management systems, designed to protect lives and property, repeatedly fail to prevent major risk events like Grenfell.
The Persistent Failure of Risk Management Systems
Risk management is a cornerstone of modern governance, designed to identify, assess, and mitigate risks that could harm individuals, organisations, or society at large. However, time and again, we witness these systems falter, allowing preventable disasters to unfold. The Grenfell Tower fire is not an isolated incident but part of a broader pattern where risk management frameworks are either inadequately designed, poorly implemented, or outright ignored.
The inquiry into the Grenfell Tower fire has highlighted significant flaws in the way risks were managed, from the construction materials used to the emergency response on the night of the fire. Despite existing regulations and safety protocols, these systems failed to prevent a disaster of this magnitude, raising questions about the effectiveness of risk management as a discipline.
This is not the first time we have seen such failures. The 2008 financial crisis, which brought the global economy to its knees, also stemmed from a failure in risk management within the financial sector. The crisis exposed the inadequacies of risk models, the over-reliance on flawed assumptions, and the failure of regulatory bodies to foresee and mitigate the impending disaster. The systemic collapse led to widespread economic hardship, yet accountability was minimal, with few held responsible for the crisis.
19 Reasons Why Risk Management Continues to Fail
The recurring failure of risk management systems can be attributed to a multitude of factors. Below are 19 reasons why these failures persist, often with tragic consequences:
1. Overconfidence in Risk Models: Risk models are often treated as infallible, despite being based on assumptions that may not hold in real-world scenarios. This overconfidence can lead to complacency and a false sense of security.
2. Inadequate Understanding of Risks: Organisations frequently underestimate or misunderstand the risks they face, leading to insufficient or misdirected risk management efforts.
3. Regulatory Capture: Regulators, who are supposed to oversee and enforce risk management practices, may become too close to the industries they regulate, leading to lax enforcement and oversight.
4. Complexity of Risk Environments: The increasingly complex nature of modern risks, particularly in interconnected global systems, makes it difficult for traditional risk management frameworks to keep pace.
5. Lack of Accountability: When risk management failures occur, it is often difficult to hold individuals or organisations accountable, leading to a lack of deterrence for future failures.
6. Failure to Learn from Past Mistakes: There is a tendency to repeat the same mistakes in risk management, as lessons from past failures are often ignored or forgotten over time.
8. Misaligned Incentives: In many organisations, short-term financial incentives take precedence over long-term risk management, leading to risky behaviour that is not adequately controlled.
9. Underinvestment in Risk Management: Organisations may underinvest in risk management resources, viewing it as a cost rather than an essential function, leading to inadequately designed systems.
10. Inadequate Training and Expertise: Those responsible for managing risks may lack the necessary training and expertise, resulting in ineffective risk management practices.
11. Failure to Account for Human Error: Risk management systems often fail to adequately account for human error, which can be a significant factor in major risk events.
12. Overreliance on Technology: While technology plays a crucial role in risk management, overreliance on automated systems can lead to a neglect of human judgment and critical thinking.
13. Cultural Barriers: Organisational culture can hinder effective risk management, especially if there is a reluctance to challenge the status quo or raise concerns.
14. Insufficient Risk Governance: Weak governance structures can result in poor oversight of risk management practices, leading to gaps in risk identification and mitigation.
15. Ignoring Low-Probability, High-Impact Events: Organisations often focus on high-probability, low-impact risks while neglecting low-probability, high-impact events that can cause significant damage.
16. Failure to Adapt to Changing Risk Landscapes: The risk landscape is constantly evolving, but risk management practices may not adapt quickly enough to address new and emerging risks.
17. Short-Term Focus: A focus on short-term goals and results can lead to the neglect of long-term risk management, increasing vulnerability to major risk events.
18. Inadequate Crisis Management Plans: When risks materialise, the lack of robust crisis management plans can exacerbate the situation, leading to greater harm and loss.
19. Lack of a Holistic Approach: Risk management is often siloed within organisations, with different departments managing risks in isolation rather than adopting a holistic, enterprise-wide approach.
The 2008 Financial Crisis: A Case Study in Systemic Risk Management Failure
The 2008 financial crisis serves as a poignant example of systemic risk management failure on a global scale. At the heart of the crisis was the widespread failure to manage the risks associated with complex financial instruments like mortgage-backed securities and credit default swaps. Banks, driven by the pursuit of short-term profits, took on excessive risks without fully understanding the potential consequences. Regulatory bodies, meanwhile, failed to provide adequate oversight, allowing these risks to build to a catastrophic level.
The crisis exposed the flaws in the risk models used by financial institutions, which relied on historical data and failed to account for the possibility of a widespread housing market collapse. It also highlighted the dangers of regulatory capture, where regulators, influenced by the industry they were supposed to oversee, were reluctant to impose stricter controls.
The fallout from the financial crisis was severe, leading to the collapse of major financial institutions, a global recession, and widespread economic hardship. Yet, despite the magnitude of the crisis, accountability was limited. Few of the key players responsible for the risk management failures were held accountable, and the reforms implemented in the aftermath have been criticised as insufficient to prevent a future crisis.
Improving the Effectiveness of Risk Management Systems
Given the recurring failures of risk management systems, it is clear that significant improvements are needed to enhance their effectiveness. Below are several strategies that could help achieve this goal:
1. Strengthen Accountability Mechanisms: To ensure that risk management failures are addressed, it is crucial to establish clear accountability mechanisms. This includes holding individuals and organisations responsible for their actions, as well as implementing consequences for failures.
2. Adopt a Holistic Approach to Risk Management: Organiations should move away from siloed risk management practices and adopt a holistic, enterprise-wide approach that considers all types of risks and their interconnections.
3. Enhance Regulatory Oversight: Regulators must be empowered to enforce risk management standards rigorously and independently. This may require reforms to reduce the influence of industry on regulatory bodies and to increase transparency and accountability in the regulatory process.
4. Improve Risk Communication: Effective risk management requires clear and open communication across all levels of an organization. Efforts should be made to break down information silos and ensure that risk-related information is shared and understood by all relevant stakeholders.
6. Incorporate Human Factors into Risk Management: To address the role of human error in risk management failures, organisations should incorporate human factors into their risk assessments and mitigation strategies. This includes understanding how cognitive biases, decision-making processes, and organisational culture can impact risk management.
7. Adapt to Emerging Risks: Risk management systems must be flexible and adaptive to respond to emerging risks. This requires continuous monitoring of the risk landscape and the ability to update risk management practices in response to new threats and opportunities.
8. Focus on Long-Term Risk Management: Organisations should balance short-term objectives with long-term risk management goals. This requires a shift in mindset to prioritise sustainability and resilience over immediate gains.
9. Develop Robust Crisis Management Plans: In addition to managing risks, organisations must be prepared to respond effectively when risks materialise. This requires the development and testing of robust crisis management plans that can be activated in the event of a major risk event.
10. Promote a Culture of Risk Awareness: Creating a culture of risk awareness within an organisation is essential for effective risk management. This includes encouraging employees to speak up about potential risks, providing regular training on risk management practices, and fostering an environment where risk is seen as a shared responsibility.
11. Utilise Advanced Risk Management Tools and Techniques: Advances in technology have provided new tools and techniques for risk management, such as data analytics, artificial intelligence, and predictive modelling. Organisations should leverage these tools to enhance their ability to identify, assess, and mitigate risks.
12. Implement Continuous Improvement Processes: Risk management should be viewed as an ongoing process rather than a one-time effort. Organisations should implement continuous improvement processes that regularly evaluate and update risk management practices based on feedback and lessons learned from past experiences.
13. Engage Stakeholders in Risk Management: Effective risk management requires the involvement of all stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, regulators, and the broader community. By engaging stakeholders in the risk management process, organisations can gain valuable insights, build trust, and ensure that risk management practices align with the needs and expectations of all involved.
14. Integrate Risk Management into Strategic Planning: Risk management should be an integral part of an organisation’s strategic planning process. By incorporating risk considerations into decision-making at the highest levels, organisations can better anticipate and prepare for potential challenges that could impact their long-term success.
15. Regularly Test and Update Risk Management Frameworks: Risk management frameworks should not be static. Organisations need to regularly test these frameworks through simulations, drills, and scenario planning to identify weaknesses and make necessary adjustments. This ensures that the systems remain effective and relevant in an ever-changing risk environment.
16. Educate and Train Employees Continuously: Continuous education and training are essential for maintaining a competent workforce that is aware of current risk management practices. Organisations should provide ongoing training opportunities to ensure that employees at all levels understand their roles in risk management and are equipped to handle risks effectively.
17. Foster Collaboration Across Sectors: The complexity of modern risks often requires collaboration across sectors, industries, and even countries. Organisations should seek partnerships and collaborations with other entities to share knowledge, resources, and best practices in risk management. This collaborative approach can lead to more comprehensive and effective risk management strategies.
18. Address Ethical Considerations in Risk Management: Ethical considerations should be at the forefront of risk management decisions. Organisations must ensure that their risk management practices do not disproportionately impact vulnerable populations and that they operate in a way that is socially responsible and just.
19. Promote Transparency in Risk Management Practices: Transparency is key to building trust with stakeholders. Organisations should be open about their risk management practices, including the risks they face, the strategies they are using to mitigate those risks, and the challenges they encounter. This transparency can help to build a culture of accountability and encourage continuous improvement.
Conclusion: The Long Road to Accountability and the Future of Risk Management
The Grenfell Tower fire and the 2008 financial crisis are both tragic examples of how systemic failures in risk management can lead to devastating consequences. These events have highlighted the limitations of current risk management practices and the need for significant improvements to prevent future disasters.
While the road to accountability for the Grenfell fire is likely to be long and fraught with challenges, it is essential that we learn from these failures and take meaningful action to improve our risk management systems. By addressing the underlying causes of risk management failures and implementing the strategies outlined in this article, we can create more resilient organisations and societies that are better equipped to manage the risks of the future.
However, this journey requires more than just technical fixes. It demands a cultural shift in how we approach risk, moving away from complacency and short-term thinking towards a mindset that prioritises long-term sustainability, ethical considerations, and the well-being of all stakeholders. Only then can we hope to prevent the recurrence of such tragedies and truly manage risks for the benefit of all.
In the end, the effectiveness of risk management will be determined not just by the systems we put in place, but by the commitment of individuals and organisations to uphold the principles of accountability, responsibility, and continuous improvement. The question remains whether society is willing to make the necessary changes to ensure that the lessons from Grenfell and countless other failures are not forgotten but used as a catalyst for lasting, meaningful reform.
This ongoing debate over the effectiveness of risk management, particularly in light of the Grenfell Tower fire, raises critical questions about our capacity to manage risks in a way that genuinely protects people and property. If we are to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, we must ensure that risk management is not misused to provide misplaced confidence, but rather serves as a robust, dynamic tool for safeguarding the future.
Read more:
1. Systemic failures in risk management
2. Why risk management systems fail
3. Improving effectiveness of risk management
4. Grenfell fire and risk management failure
5. Risk management accountability and responsibility
6. Lessons from 2008 financial crisis on risk
7. Failures in corporate risk management
8. Risk management strategies for crisis prevention
9. Risk governance and compliance failures
10. Avoiding risk management disasters
This article attempts to cover the tragic implications of systemic risk management failures, drawing on recent events like the Grenfell Tower fire and the 2008 financial crisis. The aim is to provoke thought on how we can enhance the effectiveness of risk management systems to better protect society and ensure that accountability is not just a distant possibility but a reality.
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The risk of enterprise failure increases with inadequate governance risk and compliance processes
There are many examples of the biggest firms in the world collapsing due to bad risk management practices. Good corporate governance risk and compliance systems build business resilience and can improve business performance.
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There are several techniques that can be useful for managing business rules in an organisation. Here are some recommendations:
Documenting business rules: One of the most important techniques for managing business rules is to document them in a clear and concise manner. This can include using a variety of formats such as decision tables, flowcharts, and natural language descriptions.
Centralising business rules: To avoid inconsistencies and duplication of effort, it is advisable to centralise the management of business rules. This can be done using a dedicated software tool or a repository that stores the rules and makes them accessible to relevant stakeholders.
Version control: It is crucial to keep track of changes to business rules over time, especially when multiple stakeholders are involved. Version control techniques such as branching and merging can help in managing changes to business rules.
Testing and validation: Business rules should be tested and validated thoroughly to ensure their accuracy and effectiveness. This can be done using a variety of techniques such as unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing.
Auditing and monitoring: Regular auditing and monitoring of business rules can help to identify any potential issues or areas for improvement. This can be done using automated tools or through manual reviews.
Governance and ownership: Establishing clear governance and ownership of business rules is essential to ensure that they are being managed effectively. This can include assigning ownership to specific individuals or teams and establishing processes for reviewing and approving changes to business rules.
By following these techniques, organisations can effectively manage their business rules and ensure that they are aligned with their business objectives and regulatory requirements.
